Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit exceptional luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Despite this, the potential toxicological consequences of UCNPs necessitate comprehensive investigation to ensure their safe implementation. This review aims to provide a syst

In this study, we describe a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) modified with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The fabrication process involves a two-step approach, first immobilizing SWCNTs onto a compatible substrate and then introducing Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a hydrothermal metho